The three big anomalies in stock market behaviour that academics have identified over the past 50 years are these:
* Small cap stocks tend to outperform large cap stocks over time;
* Value stocks tend to perform better than growth stocks; and
* Momentum, or buying the winners of the recent past and selling the losers, is a surprisingly effective strategy.
Of these three the most recent to be documented, and in some ways the most surprising, is the last.
After all, if it was so easy to put together a winning strategy by following a simple “buy winners, sell losers” rule, you would expect so many investors to adopt the strategy that it would cease to work. This is exactly what happened in the 1980s, when so many investors tried to implement the recently documented small company effect that the strategy stopped working for several years afterwards.
Yet, as Dimson, Marsh and Staunton, the London Business School academics, reported yesterday as they unveiled in London the latest edition of their annual Global Investment Returns survey, the momentum effect has been both powerful and persistent, despite all the publicity that it has attained in recent years, which should by rights have killed it off as an observable phenomenon.